Allowing Service Animals In K-12 Schools: What Educators Should Know

With a new school year underway, a Supreme Court ruling from 2017 reminds us about the clarification on the use of service animals in K-12 schools. The ruling was made thanks to a 13-year-old girl named Ehlena Fry and her trained service dog, Wonder.

In February 2017, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously in favor of Ehlena, who was born with cerebral palsy. In 2009, Ehlena’s elementary school had prohibited Wonder from accompanying her to class because school officials felt providing a human aide would suffice. As the school district saw it, providing an assistant meant educators were complying with the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).

But the Fry family argued that the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) requires schools to allow Wonder to accompany Ehlena, even though educators provide an assistant.

What it means for schools

The Supreme Court ruling sends a clear message.

“Schools need to treat service animals as a reasonable accommodation to a disability,” said Thom Rickert, vice president and head of marketing at Trident Public Risk Solutions, which provides insurance coverage for public entities such as public schools. “They can no longer assume having a human aide as part of an individualized education plan renders a service animal superfluous.”

What K-12 schools should do

Rickert offers these suggestions:

1. Create a plan

Consider a procedure based on the ADA National Network’s Service Animals and Emotional Support Animals guide. At a minimum, consider using the ADA definition of service animals: “any dog that is individually trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a disability, including a physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual or other mental disability.” Understand the difference between service animals and animals that give emotional support or comfort, which are not covered by the ADA.

2. Discuss concerns ahead of time.

Meet with the student, family and dog’s trainer to discuss overall concerns and develop a plan before bringing the service dog to school. The plan should address how to educate school staff and other students about the service dog, and how to accommodate the needs of others. Neither fear of dogs nor allergies warrant removing a service dog, so you should make efforts to accommodate students dealing with those issues.

3. Try to prevent the service animal from being disruptive.

To ensure the safety of other students and school personnel, the service dog should have a harness, leash or tether. If that’s impractical, the student or trainer should be able to control the dog by voice commands or other signals.

A service dog also should not bark, jump up on students or otherwise disrupt class.

Reducing risks down the road

“Taking these initial steps shows your willingness to abide by the ADA and provide a quality education for all the students in the classroom,” Rickert said. “It also reduces the likelihood of legal hassles down the road.”

For Ehlena and her family, it’s simply the right thing to do.

“We feel that this really is a victory for our family and all the families with children of differing abilities,” Stacy Fry, Ehlena’s mother, told TIME shortly after the Supreme Court ruling.